TV

                              television: industries & audience               11.10.21

LO: to research the history, companies & regulators in the television industry.

paper 1 section A

• given an unseen extract from a TV Drama to watch and analyse
• 3 questions about extract
• 2 questions about tv in general 
• could be asked: how media language has been used to create meaning, how the industry has influenced the meaning, the audience's reaction to the extract or the social,cultural & historical context

terminology

watershed 

The watershed helps parents protect their children from material that might be unsuitable or even harmful for them.There are strict rules about what can be shown on TV before the 9pm watershed. -Ofcom  

9pm-5:30am

segmented market

audience divided into different groups depending on taste and interests.

Publicly-owned TV Channel

funded by government &license fees for public service

convergence

process of joining different technologies into one device 

mainstream

mass audience: the ideas, attitudes or activities that are shared by most people and regarded as normal or conventional

commercial tv channel

funded through advertisements

self-regulating

not regulated by outside bodies 

franchise

license from company of a product to use format/show/ideas 

channel-surfing

changing frequently from one program to another on a television, watching each one for only a short time 

PSB

regulators demand channels fulfil certain requiremeents as part of license to broadcast

scheduling 

deciding which shows to shhow at which times 

conglomerate

a company that owns several smaller businesses 

1. when was TV introduced to the UK

1926, first broadcast was 1936

2. in 1965, how many channels were there in the UK 

3

3. when did ITV start? why was it different?

1955- it was commercial

4. which UK channels have to follow PSB Remit 

Channel 4, Channel 5, and the BBC, ITV1 (terrestrial)

5. who regulates TV now

Ofcom

6. who regulated TV in the 1960s

the independent television commission 

7. list differences between TV in the 60s and now 

• Television hours in the sixties was tightly controlled by the government under the direction of the Postmaster General. 
• Broadcasting hours of regular programming was limited to a 50 hour weekly limit, meaning 7 hours allowed per day Monday to Friday, 7.5 hours per day on Saturday and Sunday. 
• Televisions were expensive, small and unreliable. 
• channel surfing was impossible due to tuning issues. 
• here was no broadcasting for much of the day and only played the national anthem at night. 

                             ownership & regulation 

LO: to explore the ownership & regulation of BBC 1 & ITV.

PSB & the BBC

• ofcom regulates BBC externally
• internally, the BBC is controlled by a board of 12-14 members
• the BBC is granted a license to broadcast by royal charter, which must be renewed every 11 years
• the charter sets out the BBC's public purposes 

BBC- " to inform, educate and entertain"

Lord Reith outlined the PSB principles in 1925, saying it should "inform, educate and entertain." and should be free from commercial and government pressures

                                                                        18.10.21

how commercial channels make money:

• subscription
• pay per view 
• sponsorship 
• advertising- companies pay for advertising slots based on programme ratings
• product placement- companies pay to have their products shown in programmes (only since 2011) 

ITV 

"ITV, as an integrated producer broadcaster (IPB), creates, owns and distributes high-quality content on multiple platforms globally. We also continue to diversify our business through the opportunities presented from consumers ’ willingness to pay for great content and to engage with ITV as a trusted brand."

"ITV’s family of channels consists of ITV main channel, the largest commercial channel in the UK, ITV2, ITV3, ITV4, ITVBe, and CITV." only ITV1 has to follow PSB remit.

"ITV also generates revenue directly from consumers who are willing to pay to engage with ITV brands and content. This is through subscription video on demand (SVOD) services, in-programme competitions and voting."

most popular programmes:

most expensive show to make: red or black 15 million pound gameshow, stopped by 2012

the duopoly 

the era of two competing broadcasters, ITV and the BBC, is referred to by many as the 'golden age' of broadcasting in the UK. the two institutions had full control over the programmes as they produced them in-house. 

postitives: 

• good content as there is competition for people to watch that channel
• talent can develop
• full control of all aspects (editing)
• creative vision can be followed through wihtout pressures 
• can build a loyal audience 
• production became more of a business 

negatives:

• hard for voices outside of the institution to be heard (the "old boys network")
• ideas subject to the ideologies of those in control/political pressures
• some argued in competing withe the ITV the BBC "dumbed-down" some of its content 

                                            TV Audience                       01.11.21

LO: to explore how audiences consume TV dramas and the appeals.

different ways audience can access tv programs:

           time shifted tv

• apps (netflix, bbc iplayer, ITV hub)
• live television
• youtube
• recordings on tv 
• streaming
• subscription services

effects- why people still watch live tv:

• second screening: screenings that encourage audiences to join discussions on various social media during a live show
• audience interactivity: viewers are encouraged to vote to determine the outcome. this continued engagement increases their commitment to the programme and loyalty to the channel.

the active audience theory:

• debates on whether audience is active of passive
• a passive audience accepts and believes everything a media text tells them. they are easily influenced and don't question any messages conveyed (gullible). 
• an active audience interacts with a media text and makes its own decisions about whether to believe what they are told. may question/interpret things differently.
• audiences are more active now than in the 1960s because there are more platforms to inflict an opinion on a person around a specific topic. in the 60s, there would be 3 channels, now there are more to be active in our choices on what to watch.
• nowadays we can vote on tv shows which is a form of being an active audience, in the 60s this kind of interactivity was not available. 

scheduling 

• massively important to both BBC and ITV 
• competitive scheduling can benefit the main channels as it creates publicity.
• e.g, BBC1's strictly come dancing results was scheduled at the same time as The X Factor on ITV1
• peak viewing time is 6pm-10:30pm
• audience ratings are measured by the Broadcaster's Audience Research Board (BARB)
  

watershed

• overseen by OFCOM, watershed is between 9pm & 5:30am
• during these hours, broadcasters canshow content that is not suitable for children up to the age of 15
• 18 rated content cannot be shown until after 10pm 

TV dramas/serial dramas

tv dramas have a continuing plot, and follow episode by episode. typically folly main story arcs that span an entire season 

serial tv drama is defined as any tv drama that is organised into a series of episodes. 

sub genres:

• crime drama- Agatha Christie's Poirot 
• Period drama- The Crown
• Teen drama- on my block
• medical drama- casualty
• Sci-fi drama- Doctor who
• fantasy drama- Game of thrones
• political drama- Bodyguard 

Two set texts

the Avengers ITV (1965)

Cuffs BBC1 (2015) 

                                                     The 1960s

LO: to research the social, historical and political context of the avengers.

60s:

• rise of pop culture
• Vietnam & Cold War
• Civil Rights Movement 
• traditional values 
• changes in music, fashion, art 
• protests/riots 
• experimentation period (drugs etc)
• gender equality, women were finally allowed in higher role jobs 

events from 1961-1965:

1961:

• Berlin Wall is built, dividing East and West Germany
• first human in space
• breakfast at tiffany's 
• a raisin in the sun
• west side story 

1962:

• U.S. establishes a military council in South Vietnam
• USSR sends arms to Cuba, setting off the "Cuban Missile Crisis" with the U.S.
• Lolita
• Bird man of Alcatraz

1963: 

• John F. Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas -- Lyndon B. Johnson becomes president
• Nuclear test ban treaty is signed by the U.S., Great Britain, and USSR
• Buddhist-led military group overthrows the government of South Vietnam
• first human kidney transplant
• Cleopatra
• The Haunting
• Lord of the flies

1964: 

• Tokyo hosted the 18th Summer Olympics. 
• The Beatles took America by storm, as Race Riots gripped big cities -- and the the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law. 
• Boxer Cassius Clay became Muhammad Ali and the heavyweight champion of the world.
• Mary Poppins
• Goldfinger
• My Fair Lady

1965: 

• Malcolm X was assassinated
• Cigarette advertising is banned from British television.
• Radio and television licence fees are increased
• Help!
• The sound of music 

• 
  

                                                    The Avengers                                            08.11.21

LO: to research the TV show Avengers (1965).

summary of the sixties

• in 1965, Harold Wilson was priminister  (conservative party)
• famous bands: the Beatles, The Beach Boys, Rolling Stones, Simon and Garfunkel 
• "Hippies smoked marijuana, kids in ghettos pushed heroin, and Timothy Leary, a Harvard professor, urged the world to try LSD. In popular imagination, the 1960s were the heyday of illegal drug use -- but historical data indicate they probably weren't. In fact, surveys show that drug abuse was comparably rare, as was accurate information about the effects of illegal drugs. In a 1969 Gallup poll, only 4% of American adults said they had tried marijuana. Thirty-four percent said they didn't know the effects of marijuana, but 43% thought it was used by many or some high school kids. " - https://news.gallup.com/poll/6331/decades-drug-use-data-from-60s-70s.aspx\
• "Lysergic acid diethyl-amide, better known as LSD helped make the sixties what it was.
  The people who were questioning the system needed to find a new light to look upon things. Their solution was to explore psychedelics. The most common was LSD, a chemical discovered in 1943 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann. LSD let people look at things with the different angle their psychedelic trance allowed them.
  LSD was originally available in tablet form, but  it was declared illegal. During the sixties, as people were trying to find new ways to explore pleasure and ways of bringing it about, marijuana became an obvious choice. Despite the fact that it was illegal, many people were willing to try this amazing substance.During the sixties, many people experimented with mushrooms in addition to other, stronger psychedelics to help them get a new perspective on their world."  - https://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/tbacig/cst3010/drugs.html
• popular drugs: LSD (acid) , magic mushrooms, Marijuana 
• scientific development that changed woman's lives: the contraceptive pill was introduced and started being used 
• Advances in medicine brought new or improved vaccines for many diseases, including polio, measles, and rubella 
• In biology, the first genes  were isolated, and much was learned about the nature of heredity.
• life would have been different in the 1960s for women, men and different races compared to now as in the 1960s woman/civil rights movements were being introduced again for the first time in a long time. this meant women were only just being appreciated for work roles and different races were being supported. This is different to now as many women have jobs now, it is a very regular thing. despite racism still existing, segregation is minimised and much less than in the 1960s and before. in the media, very little different races of colour were shown on tv in the 60s. now, it has become more relaxed. 

key contextual areas

• cold war concerns: 1965 was it's peak. a group of 12 western countries who agreed to support each other in the face of a soviet attack. in retaliation, the soviet union formed a pact with seven other communist countries.
• threat of a nuclear war: both America and Russia started to build up their armies and weapons 
• cuban missile crisis: two countries took the world to the brink of a nuclear war.
• espionage: both sides of cold war used this. finding out what other side was doing, a way to plant false information. common theme in films to have double agents as it was happening a lot in reality. 

the avengers

• ITV + ABC
• Primary audience: mainstream adult audience 
• secondary audience: young adults 
• 6 series
• aired in: 7 January 1961
• ended: 21 May 1969
• budget for series 4: The average budget for each episode was reportedly £56,000
• Emma Peel, M.Appeal, Man Appeal, who was paid less than the cameraman

• the fourth series was different as it was filmed with film cameras, which meant a more agile, more editable, quality, which increased the production value. more locations and angles were also able to be used. 
• ITV was seen as working-class, but with the rise of youth culture, the Avengers were seen as cool, updated, new, youthful and trendy. 

            The Avengers: The Town of No Return          22.11.21

LO: to explore the narrative, characters and appeal of series 4, episode . 

notes:

overview: Peel and Steed meet someone on the train. The town is quiet and unusually empty. they stay at an inn with a questionable innkeeper and teacher/inspector. they find the person they travelled on the train with, dead, so they try and find his brother, however he is missing. Peel goes and inspects the school. and the real inspector dies in front of her, repeating "below", meanwhile steed finds a gravestone with the innkeeper's name on, so they know everyone are fakes. Peel goes to the church to ask the reverend for help naming the teachers, and he pulls out a gun. Peel is bound up as Steed confronts Piggy the innkeeper and finds Peel. They both investigate the school again, and underneath they find an army bunker. the enemy confronts them and there is a fight scene. 

characters: 

steed, Peel, Piggy warren, Mrs Manson, Tom Smallwood, Jimmy Smallwood, (met on train), Mr Brandon.

cultural & social context: 

Emma Peel is a Mrs, so still shows audience she is submissive (under control). Peel only fights 1 man, whereas Steed fights 3 male soldiers and defeats them effortlessly. this shows male superiority and strength. at the beginning, there is a fencing practise and Steed wins, showing despite Peel's skills, Steed is still stronger. The storyline bases around spies and espionage, capturing the town, which links to the cold war, which took place at the same time. Peel had a large apartment and wore new, trendy clothes. Peel didn't want a drink, however was bought one anyways, which still shows her as an object, able to be controlled. (Piggy also thought Steed wanted her). Mrs Peel also didn't realise Mr Brandon was an imposter, however Steed recognised Piggy was, this  presented Steed as smart and Peel as a Damsel in distress needed to be saved by Steed. 

audience appeal: 

shows that even though there were enemies (worries about the cold war) the British (Steed, Peel) beat them in the end; reassuring their safety. As Peel is a new, important, female character, this would inspire a female audience to also strive for a higher-positioned job, and work alongside a man, even if that means being inferior to his skills. furthermore, as a strong, female character, Peel would have been a talking matter, (as this was previously unheard of un that era) meaning an audience most likely would interact with this and communicate socially about the Avengers' subverting media stereotypes at the time. Men watching, may relate, or aspire to relate to Steed: an upper-class, strong, superior, leader (a reinforcer of the 60s' patriarchal society). this would mean they would watch the Avengers as it appeals to their ideals (like how women still need to be saved by a gentleman). The audience would also be provided with information, such as espionage (worldly, current affairs) , new fashion trends and how the upper class live their lives, as many would be from a lower class (especially with ITV). the entertainment comes from the repetitive familiarity that occurred each week in every episode, this gave the audience a get away from life, as it was fictional and enjoyable, but still with real people. 

      context- the avengers: The town of no return     29.11.21

LO: to analyse the influence of the social and historical contexts in Series 4, episode 1.

Fifth columnists 

secretly support the enemy and undermine a country from within.

films from 1965 influenced the Avengers episode greatly. for an example, the James Bond film 'Thunderball" held stereotypes that were used in The town of no return, like a handsome, intelligent, British spy, a ladies man that effortlessly defeated an enemy with little help from an attractive female sub-character. in addition tot his, connotations of the film 'The war game' a film about a nuclear attack on Britain, was shown in Avengers, as threat from an enemy shows in the tv show. these add cultural context that was actually occurring in the real world. 

the cold war & espionage 

the opening sequence of the episode symbolises the theme of the episode, which can be summed up as the attempted invasion of Britain supported by "the Enemy within".

reassuring the audience

this episode reassured the audience of their safety from things like the cold war and espionage that occurred a lot during the 60s. This is done particularly by the light-heartedness in Peel and Steed's reactions, adding humour to define that the threat isn't as bad as WWII, so the audience needn't worry. Talking about disappearing agents, while having afternoon tea creates a calm, collected manner, shown again while Peel is captured by the enemy. Reassurance also comes from the fact that despite the melodrama and jokes, the two agents are serious and content with their jobs, passionate about saving the country again with their commitment to their duties (fight scene). the enemy was shown as being weak as they quickly escaped the clutches of the soldiers very quickly. 

  context- the avengers: The town of no return        06.12.21

LO: to analyse representation and influence of social and cultural context in Series 4, episode 1.

                    The Avengers: Extract Analysis           13.12.21

LO: to explore elements of media language and practice how to analyse an extract. 

media language:

• mise-en-scene
• camerawork
• editing
• sound

camera work:

• shot types
• angles
• movement

• establishing shots
• low angle, high-angle, canted angle, aerial shots, POV shots
• camera movement: tracking, steadicam or crane shots
• hand-held camera
• shallow focus and focus pulls

shallow focus

one piece of the scene is in focus, and the rest is out of focus. Used to emphasise different angles. 

focus pulls

when you change focus during shots. Adjusts attention.

canted angle

when the angle is tilted to indicate unstableness or suggesting a POV

different shot types with Freddie Mercury:

camerawork in Avengers

canted angles: to show tension and struggle during fight.

high shot of villains: shows Peel and Steed's superior POV and dominance in the fights

Steadicam tracking (used hand-held though): intensify actions

 

Mise-en-scene

• high-key (bright) low-key (dark) lighting
• location/set
• costume and make up 
• props
• casting and performance style

binary contrasts/opposites

juxtaposition 

costume and age between Steed and Peel

mise-en-scene in Avengers 

classic British inn/pub: common stereotype for American viewers to understand. Establishing a friendly manner

outfits: village people wearing informal, dull colours in comparison to Steed, Peel and Smallwood which shows contrast between classes and also that all the villagers are on a sort of "team" which may foreshadow their villainous side. 

war pieces in inn: piggy linked to war (plane models, grenades). Classic British thing to boast about.

Piggy: moustache, outfit suggests high class/position in war 

Blocking: highlights difference between the two groups, like the barrier between them at the bar or when they are sat down and Piggy is stood up. 

                                                                                                                   10.01.22

editing

• transitions
• CGI, animation, SFX
• green screen
• colour grading
  
• juxtaposition
• shot/reverse shot 
• crosscutting (parallel editing) two different scenes that are happening the same time like villain and hero 
• paced editing (fast/slow) 
• cutting on action, two scenes one after the other, change in camera angles. Like someone throwing a bag and the camera switches tot he person catching it. 
• insert cuts, like flashbacks during character's thinking to show emotion
• jump cuts- montage showing action (someone waiting for a long time and changing position)
• match cuts (jumping to a scene with a similar scene as the one before, e.g throwing a stick in the air in one scene and the stick landing in a different scene) 
• eye-line match- showing someone looking at something then showing what they're looking at
• blend, combining scenes 
• Sound bridge- sound from one scene continues in a different scene 

sound

• music
• diegetic, non-diegetic
• sound effects
• sound-bridge
• voiceover
• parallel sound- when the tone of the music matches the mood in the scene
• contrapuntal sound- when the tone of the music doesn't match the mood in the scene 
• absence of sound

                            Television in the 2010s                                     17.01.21

LO: research the UK 2010s in terms of social, cultural and political climate of the decade: research TV usage in 2015. 

Cuffs- released October 2015

key events that may influence a TV series set in present day UK?

2012-2014

• May- Vladimir Putin elected
• London Olympics
• february- Queen's diamond jubilee
• Jimmy Saville documentary released
• October- Malala shot by Taliban
• conservative elected into parliament 
• Landon riots
• police brutality
• illegal immigration

2015

• Buckingham Palace denies "any suggestion of impropriety with underage minors" by Prince Andrew, Duke of York, after he was named in U.S. court documents related to a lawsuit against convicted sex offender, American financier Jeffrey Epstein
• Libby Lane becomes the first woman ordained as a bishop in the Church of England, at York Minster
• nuclear fear in Korea 
• bigger cyber threat

which political party was in power in 2015? Who was PM? What was the relevance of UKIP being so popular?

• Margaret Thatcher, then David Cameron in power
• conservative party
• UKIP reached great success in the 2010s. When it gained two members of Parliament and was the largest party representing the UK in the European Parliament. 

Major fears and issues of post 9/11 era?

• racism 
• brutality against races/religions 
• fear it may happen in the UK
• threat of terrorism 

wars around the world?

• Yemen, Iraq, Nigeria, Syria (registered as two wars), Afghanistan, Somalia, Ukraine and Pakistan 
• Nigeria had an additional conflict that saw over 1,000 battle deaths in 2015
• conflict in Sudan also reached the status of full war.
• Most fatalities in Afghanistan 

what was being protested in the UK? 

• Anti-Austerity 
• Climate Change 
• Anti-Fracking
• Police power 

equality act 2010 

meant Britain could, or should be far more multicultural: attitudes towards sexuality were far more accepting.

Comparison 

1950s- fear of spying, espionage, another war

2010s- fear of racism, terrorist attacks 

differences we would expect to see from a tv show in 2015 vs tv show in 1965 

representation: 
a higher magnitude of female respect (no control over females or male superiority like in Avengers) as the equality act and wave of feminism would change perspectives. Sexuality would be further represented, 2015 featuring a range of sexualities/sexes as there were none obvious or at all in Avengers. Varying races and ethnicities would be represented and definitely featured throughout the tv series. differing races from Caucasian would not be the criminal. 

Threats/issues:

1950s- fear of spying, espionage, another war. 2010s- fear of racism, terrorist attacks 

potential storylines 

Potential storylines:

1965 would consider of war and spying. 2015 would most likely reference key cultural events happening at the time; such as, riots, police brutality, terrorism (era after 9/11) worldwide wars.

LO: to explore the Tv industry in 2010s and the effect on TV shows and audiences.

Cuffs

wanted to replace "Waterloo Road" which had a target audience of teenagers- adults. So Cuffs would attempt to use that target audience.

trailer 

includes: drugs, protests, diverse sexualities, diverse cultures, represents police life as hard.

Scheduling & Cuffs

winter schedule 2015 (day-light savings) , aimed at wider family audiences 

8pm on a weekday- no graphic language or content (watershed is at 9pm)

Pre-watershed Cuffs targeted a broad family audience of 16-65, similar to that if casualty & Waterloo Road.

Offered range of characters and storylines to appeal to as many demographic segments as possible. 

format/appeal: fits modern post 2010 populist series format- everyday relatable storylines with a consistent set of troubled characters with different issues. 

narrative: weekday winter pre-watershed formats are intended to be engaging but not threatening to mainstream audience values. storylines tend to be covered superficially and lack of depth of darker post-watershed series like Luther or Sherlock. 

Production & Cuffs

BBC is expected to encourage competition for producing programmes, as part of its remit, so many programmes are produced by independent companies. 

tiger aspect productions produced Cuffs (Bad education, Vicar of Dibley, Peaky Blinders)

Waterloo Road was lacking viewers so Cuffs was made to replace it. 8pm Wednesday slot so required family-friendly mass entertainment and was the one day when Eastenders did not hold up the schedule, putting pressure to deliver to large audiences. 

Cuffs offered the possibility of reproducing the success of The Bill, a pre-watershed police drama that had been the mainstay of the ITV early evening scheduling for many years.

                               Cuffs: Series 1, episode 1                  24.01.22

LO: to analyse the narratives and characters constructed in an opening episode.            

main characters

• PC Ryan- possible single father of 2, harsh on Jake but cares, subject to racism 
• PC Jake- openly gay, new to police work, Chief's son, mother has cancer
• DS Jo- lonely, possibly had relationship with Chief, mates with Hawkins 
• Chief Super Vickers- in control, possibly loved Jo
• DC Carl- not much, good mates with Jo
• DI Kane- very isolated and lonely, visits prostitutes, possibly suicidal (empathised with suicidal father of abduction case), has higher rank then everybody else
• PC Donna- only main female PC, same strength as male colleagues
• PC Lino- comic of the show, purpose to be funny/break tension, friends with Prager

                                                                                                                   31.01.22

                    

                      

• personal identity- wider inclusion/understanding of different cultures so a wider span of audience can feel represented, e.g. gay, muslim, black, single parent, even female backgrounds. Leading role models that the public can empathise with. 
• Information- informs on the experiences of those under threat from hate crimes and what the police deals with daily. Social realism.
• entertainment- wide range of stories with episodic narratives and an overarching narrative that can be followed each episode. Audiences may enjoy the humour, the influence of police work on normal lives and relationships . 
• Social Interaction- the new appreciation of different cultures and genders can spark conversation between friends (some but not a lot of social media presence, however discussions could lead there). Audiences may feel a part of the team. Fear of missing out, if the latest episode has not been watched and your friends have. 

Social Realism

a style of drama that is grounded in the contemporary world in terms of setting, characters and social issues often portraying social injustice.

Audience appeal

• genre- people that enjoy the crime drama. i
• Camerawork & editing- new and accurate, realistic. arial shots make it look scenic and picturesque. The opening sequence is chopped and blocky, suggesting the division in the town. Cross-cuts the superintendent and Draper to juxtapose the reality form expectations.
• Mise-en-scene- it is set in a seaside town which differs from the common police crime genre stereotype of being in cities.
• Characters- wide range of ethnicities/cultures. recognisable actors of Jo and Ryan have been in other similar, popular tv shows and films.

How was Brighton represented in Episode 1?

• characters- very open (e.g naturalists) and welcoming, however certain groups are aggressive and foolish
• props- the costumes are accurate and look real
• character interaction- no respect for police (Draper punched in the nose, not listened to), not very respectful of others' lifestyles
• Dialogue- varied accents (multicultural), informal register
• Stereotypes- conforms to the bright, sunny seaside town landscape. Stag group conforms to party, loudness of the town. The funfair connotes tourists and the tourist attraction of Brighton. 

                                 Cuffs and Social Contexts               07.02.22

LO: to analyse representation and influence of social and cultural context in Cuffs.

roles reversed: in Avengers foreign spies seen as the enemy, British the hero however in Cuffs, the foreign (Indian) student was a victim and a British,white man was the criminal.

Ryan Draper

most developed and most interesting representation of masculinity. He is multi-dimensional with both traditionally masculine and feminine qualities .

Masculinity 

Sexuality

visibility of LGBT+ characters increased and accepted representations. jake Vickers' character challenges the stereotype of homosexuality being an issue or problem because it is actually his inexperience, lack of knowledge and relationship to his father than gets him in trouble/disliked. 

Multiculturalism 

• positive view of multiculturalism reflects 2015 attitudes
• differences of ethnicity are accepted (Misha Baig having a police position and being a mentor)
• racism still exists in Britain (Indian student being stabbed by white ,British male)
• racist group represented very negatively (criminal was priority to catch and the case was equally as important as others. Also uncleanly gang base house)
• The powerful anti-racist message reflects society attitudes in 2015 

Age

different ages are represented to have complicated personal lives. Younger generation seen to be attractive, physically fit and energetic. youth are associated with inexperience, age coming with experience.

the police 

in 2015, public confidence in the police had fallen due yo a series of negative media stories over police corruption and budget cuts. This can be seen in the dismissive attitude of the nudist towards Draper at the start of the episode. 

Cuffs attempts to challenge the negative view by offering a set of values that the police have that can be admired and respected. 

they represent the police in a positive way by making them seem as if their jobs are really difficult and the people are disrespectful. 

                                Exam Preparation                              14.02.22

LO: to review the exam format and possible question types. 

paper 1: Television and promoting media (Lego Movie)

• 1h 45m
• 70 marks
• A: TV 5 questions 45 marks- media language, representation, social, political & historical context.
• B: Lego movie 4 questions 25 marks

Q1: Media language 

• one area of media language 
• two specific examples
• 5 marks 
• precise details
• analyse how it creates meaning 
• media terminology
• revision: watch extract and try to answer question 

Q2: Media language & Representation

• make a judgement (point)
• how particular viewpoints are shown
• how certain groups have been represented
• how the audience has been positioned 
• how certain values have been constructed
• 10 marks 
• 3 examples 

Q3: long essay based question

• extract and knowledge
• make a judgement
• how particular viewpoints are shown
• how certain groups have been represented
• how the audience has been positioned 
• how the context has effected the meaning
• 15 marks
• judgement
• stereotypes used/challenged
• how might audiences react differently to the extract 
• 
  

Q4: Tv industry & audiences

• could refer to either extracts
• scheduling, regulation, PSB, technology, audience appeals (PIES)
• 5 mark 
• explain ideas fully

Q5: Contexts

• social, political, historical context
• influence on social context
• influence on political context
• differences between 1965 and 2015
• effects on context on programming 
• 10 marks
• Cuffs
• write detailed description on one context with sophisticated explanation or an effective description of a number of social contexts
• revision: what was happening in 2015